Samba adalah adalah pengertian dari sebuah jembatan yang menjembatani antara dua os yang berbeda, dari keluarga Nix dan keluarga Microsoft dan yang di jembatani adalah pertukaran data antara kedua OS yang berbeda itu.
Tetapi samba tidak hanya bertindak sebagai jembatan data saja, samba juga dapat mendukung atau dapat di jadikan server WINS, dan Logon server ( Domain Controller ).
Pada hakekatnya samba memanfatkan sebuah protokol yang di gunakan oleh keluarga Microsoft untuk proses komunikasi antara client dan server nya, yaitu protokol SMB ( Sevice Mesagge Block ), sehinga dengan memanfatkan protokol ini Keluarga Nix dapat bertukar data dan tidak hannya itu, samba juga dapat menjadi Sever WINS, dan Login. Samba menggunakan dua buah emulator atau yang biasa di sebut daemon( di Linux), daemon yang di gunakan ada dua yaitu smbd dan nnbd yang mempunyai masing masing fungsi:
1.smbd --> adalah daemon yang di manfaatkan oleh samba untuk sharing dan pertukaran data antara keluarga Microsoft dengan Keluarga Nix, ini juga yang menangani proses logon server bila samba di gunakan sebagai Logon server
2.nnbd --> adalah daemon yang Memanfatkan WINS ( Windows Interner Name Server ), dan ini adalah service yang membantu client untuk browsing di Netwok Neighbourhood.
File yang di gunakan untuk konfigurasi samba adalah “ /etc/samba/smb.conf”
contoh smb.conf yang sudah di konfigurasi untuk menjadi sharing data dan logon server adalah :
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown in this example
#
# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================
[global]
# 1. Server Naming Options:
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name
workgroup = SURGA
# netbios name is the name you will see in "Network Neighbourhood",
# but defaults to your hostname
; netbios name =
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = Samba Server %v
# Message command is run by samba when a "popup" message is sent to it.
# The example below is for use with LinPopUp:
; message command = /usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s
# 2. Printing Options:
# CHANGES TO ENABLE PRINTING ON ALL CUPS PRINTERS IN THE NETWORK
# (as cups is now used in linux-mandrake 7.2 by default)
# if you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
printcap name = cups
load printers = yes
# It should not be necessary to spell out the print system type unless
# yours is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
# bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx, cups
printing = cups
# Samba 2.2 supports the Windows NT-style point-and-print feature. To
# use this, you need to be able to upload print drivers to the samba
# server. The printer admins (or root) may install drivers onto samba.
# Note that this feature uses the print$ share, so you will need to
# enable it below.
# This parameter works like domain admin group:
# printer admin = @
printer admin = @adm
# This should work well for winbind:
; printer admin = @"Domain Admins"
# 3. Logging Options:
# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
max log size = 50
# Set the log (verbosity) level (0 <= log level <= 10) ; log level = 3 # 4. Security and Domain Membership Options: # This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict # connections to machines which are on your local network. The # following example restricts access to two C class networks and # the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see # the smb.conf man page. Do not enable this if (tcp/ip) name resolution does # not work for all the hosts in your network. ; hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127. # Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd # otherwise the user "nobody" is used ; guest account = pcguest # Allow users to map to guest: map to guest = bad user # Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See # security_level.txt for details. security = user # Use password server option only with security = server or security = domain # When using security = domain, you should use password server = * ; password server =
; password server = *
# Password Level allows matching of _n_ characters of the password for
# all combinations of upper and lower case.
; password level = 8
; username level = 8
# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read
# ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.
# Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents
# Encrypted passwords are required for any use of samba in a Windows NT domain
# The smbpasswd file is only required by a server doing authentication, thus
# members of a domain do not need one.
encrypt passwords = yes
smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd
# The following are needed to allow password changing from Windows to
# also update the Linux system password.
# NOTE: Use these with 'encrypt passwords' and 'smb passwd file' above.
# NOTE2: You do NOT need these to allow workstations to change only
# the encrypted SMB passwords. They allow the Unix password
# to be kept in sync with the SMB password.
; unix password sync = Yes
# You either need to setup a passwd program and passwd chat, or
# enable pam password change
; pam password change = yes
; passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
; passwd chat = *New*UNIX*password* %n\n *ReType*new*UNIX*password* %n\n
;*passwd:*all*authentication*tokens*updated*successfully*
# Unix users can map to different SMB User names
; username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /etc/samba/smb.conf.%m
# Options for using winbind. Winbind allows you to do all account and
# authentication from a Windows or samba domain controller, creating
# accounts on the fly, and maintaining a mapping of Windows RIDs to unix uid's
# and gid's. winbind uid and winbind gid are the only required parameters.
#
# winbind uid is the range of uid's winbind can use when mapping RIDs to uid's
; winbind uid = 10000-20000
#
# winbind gid is the range of uid's winbind can use when mapping RIDs to gid's
; winbind gid = 10000-20000
#
# winbind separator is the character a user must use between their domain
# name and username, defaults to "\"
; winbind separator = +
#
# winbind use default domain allows you to have winbind return usernames
# in the form user instead of DOMAIN+user for the domain listed in the
# workgroup parameter.
; winbind use default domain = yes
#
# template homedir determines the home directory for winbind users, with
# %D expanding to their domain name and %U expanding to their username:
; template homedir = /home/%D/%U
# When using winbind, you may want to have samba create home directories
# on the fly for authenticated users. Ensure that /etc/pam.d/samba is
# using 'service=system-auth-winbind' in pam_stack modules, and then
# enable obedience of pam restrictions below:
; obey pam restrictions = yes
#
# template shell determines the shell users authenticated by winbind get
; template shell = /bin/bash
# 5. Browser Control and Networking Options:
# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See speed.txt and the manual pages for details
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them
# here. See the man page for details.
; interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
# Configure remote browse list synchronisation here
# request announcement to, or browse list sync from:
# a specific host or from / to a whole subnet (see below)
; remote browse sync = 192.168.3.25 192.168.5.255
# Cause this host to announce itself to local subnets here
; remote announce = 192.168.1.255 192.168.2.44
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
local master = yes
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
os level = 34
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
domain master = yes
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
preferred master = yes
# 6. Domain Control Options:
# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for
# Windows95 workstations or Primary Domain Controller for WinNT and Win2k
domain logons = yes
# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
# per user logon script
# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
; logon script = %m.bat
# run a specific logon batch file per username
; logon script = %U.bat
# Where to store roaming profiles for WinNT and Win2k
# %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
# You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U
# Where to store roaming profiles for Win9x. Be careful with this as it also
# impacts where Win2k finds it's /HOME share
; logon home = \\%L\%U\.profile
# The add user script is used by a domain member to add local user accounts
# that have been authenticated by the domain controller, or by the domain
# controller to add local machine accounts when adding machines to the domain.
# The script must work from the command line when replacing the macros,
# or the operation will fail. Check that groups exist if forcing a group.
# Script for domain controller for adding machines:
; add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -d /dev/null -g machines -c 'Machine Account' -s /bin/false -M %u
# Script for domain controller with LDAP backend for adding machines (please
# configure in /etc/samba/smbldap_conf.pm first):
; add user script = /usr/share/samba/scripts/smbldap-useradd.pl -w -d /dev/null -g machines -c 'Machine Account' -s /bin/false %u
# Script for domain member for adding local accounts for authenticated users:
; add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -s /bin/false %u
# Domain groups:
# domain admin group is a list of unix users or groups who are made members
# of the Domain Admin group
; domain admin group = root @adm
#
# domain guest groups is a list of unix users or groups who are made members
# of the Domain Guests group
; domain guest group = nobody @guest
# LDAP configuration for Domain Controlling:
# The account (dn) that samba uses to access the LDAP server
# This account needs to have write access to the LDAP tree
# You will need to give samba the password for this dn, by
# running 'smbpasswd -w mypassword'
; ldap admin dn = cn=root,dc=mydomain,dc=com
; ldap ssl = start_tls
# start_tls should run on 389, but samba defaults incorrectly to 636
; ldap port = 389
; ldap suffix = dc=mydomain,dc=com
; ldap server = ldap.mydomain.com
# 7. Name Resolution Options:
# All NetBIOS names must be resolved to IP Addresses
# 'Name Resolve Order' allows the named resolution mechanism to be specified
# the default order is "host lmhosts wins bcast". "host" means use the unix
# system gethostbyname() function call that will use either /etc/hosts OR
# DNS or NIS depending on the settings of /etc/host.config, /etc/nsswitch.conf
# and the /etc/resolv.conf file. "host" therefore is system configuration
# dependant. This parameter is most often of use to prevent DNS lookups
# in order to resolve NetBIOS names to IP Addresses. Use with care!
# The example below excludes use of name resolution for machines that are NOT
# on the local network segment
# - OR - are not deliberately to be known via lmhosts or via WINS.
; name resolve order = wins lmhosts bcast
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
; wins support = yes
# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z
# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
; wins proxy = yes
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes,
# this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no.
dns proxy = no
# 8. File Naming Options:
# Case Preservation can be handy - system default is _no_
# NOTE: These can be set on a per share basis
; preserve case = no
; short preserve case = no
# Default case is normally upper case for all DOS files
; default case = lower
# Be very careful with case sensitivity - it can break things!
; case sensitive = no
# Enabling internationalization:
# you can match a Windows code page with a UNIX character set.
# Windows: 437 (US), 737 (GREEK), 850 (Latin1 - Western European),
# 852 (Eastern Eu.), 861 (Icelandic), 932 (Cyrillic - Russian),
# 936 (Japanese - Shift-JIS), 936 (Simpl. Chinese), 949 (Korean Hangul),
# 950 (Trad. Chin.).
# UNIX: ISO8859-1 (Western European), ISO8859-2 (Eastern Eu.),
# ISO8859-5 (Russian Cyrillic), KOI8-R (Alt-Russ. Cyril.)
# This is an example for french users:
; client code page = 850
; character set = ISO8859-1
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes
# You can enable VFS recycle bin on a per share basis:
# Uncomment the next 2 lines (make sure you create a
# .recycle folder in the base of the share and ensure
# all users will have write access to it. See
# examples/VFS/recycle/REAME in samba-doc for details
; vfs object = /usr/lib/samba/vfs/recycle.so
; vfs options= /etc/samba/recycle.conf
# You may want to prevent abuse of your server disk space, and spread of virii
; veto files = /*.eml/*.nws/*.dll/*.mp3/*.MP3/*.mpg/*.MPG/*.vbs/*.VBS/
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; writable = no
#Uncomment the following 2 lines if you would like your login scripts to
#be created dynamically by ntlogon (check that you have it in the correct
#location (the default of the ntlogon rpm available in contribs)
;root preexec = /usr/bin/ntlogon -u %U -g %G -o %a -d /var/lib/samba/netlogon/
;root postexec = rm -f /var/lib/samba/netlogon/%U.bat
# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles]
; path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
; browseable = no
; guest ok = yes
; writable = yes
# This script can be enabled to create profile directories on the fly
# You may want to turn off guest acces if you enable this, as it
# hasn't been thoroughly tested.
; root preexec = PROFILE=/var/lib/samba/profiles/%u; if [ ! -e $PROFILE ]; \
; then mkdir -pm700 $PROFILE; chown %u.%g $PROFILE;fi
# NOTE: If you have a CUPS print system there is no need to
# specifically define each individual printer.
# You must configure the samba printers with the appropriate Windows
# drivers on your Windows clients. On the Samba server no filtering is
# done. If you wish that the server provides the driver and the clients
# send PostScript ("Generic PostScript Printer" under Windows), you have
# to swap the 'print command' line below with the commented one.
#[printers]
# comment = All Printers
# path = /var/spool/samba
# browseable = no
# to allow user 'guest account' to print.
# guest ok = yes
# writable = no
# printable = yes
# create mode = 0700
# =====================================
# print command: see above for details.
# =====================================
print command = lpr-cups -P %p -o raw %s -r # using client side printer drivers.
; print command = lpr-cups -P %p %s -r # using cups own drivers (use generic PostScript on clients).
# The following two commands are the samba defaults for printing=cups
# change them only if you need different options:
; lpq command = lpq -P %p
; lprm command = cancel %p-%j
# This share is used for Windows NT-style point-and-print support.
# To be able to install drivers, you need to be either root, or listed
# in the printer admin parameter above. Note that you also need write access
# to the directory and share definition to be able to upload the drivers.
# For more information on this, please see the Printing Support Section of
# /usr/share/doc/samba-
[print$]
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
browseable = yes
read only = yes
write list = @adm root
guest ok = yes
# A useful application of samba is to make a PDF-generation service
# To streamline this, install windows postscript drivers (preferably colour)
# on the samba server, so that clients can automatically install them.
#[pdf-generator]
# path = /var/tmp
# guest ok = No
# printable = Yes
# comment = PDF Generator (only valid users)
#print command = /usr/share/samba/scripts/print-pdf file path win_path recipient IP doc_name &
print command = /usr/share/samba/scripts/print-pdf %s ~%u //%L/%u %m %I "%J" &
# This one is useful for people to share files
;[tmp]
; comment = Temporary file space
; path = /tmp
; read only = no
; public = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
;[public]
; comment = Public Stuff
; path = /home/samba/public
; public = yes
; writable = no
; write list = @staff
# Audited directory through experimental VFS audit.so module:
# Uncomment next line.
; vfs object = /usr/lib/samba/vfs/audit.so
# Other examples.
#
# A private printer, usable only by Fred. Spool data will be placed in Fred's
# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,
# wherever it is.
;[fredsprn]
; comment = Fred's Printer
; valid users = fred
; path = /homes/fred
; printer = freds_printer
; public = no
; writable = no
; printable = yes
# A private directory, usable only by Fred. Note that Fred requires write
# access to the directory.
;[fredsdir]
; comment = Fred's Service
; path = /usr/somewhere/private
; valid users = fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %u option to tailor it by user name.
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.
;[pchome]
; comment = PC Directories
; path = /usr/pc/%m
; public = no
; writable = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course
# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.
;[public]
; path = /usr/somewhere/else/public
; public = yes
; only guest = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
[win_d]
comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
path = /mnt/win_d
# valid users = mary fred
public = yes
writable = no
printable = no
create mask = 0765
[win_c]
comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
path = /mnt/win_c
# valid users = mary fred
public = yes
writable = no
printable = no
create mask = 0765
[netlogon]
comment = sevice untuk domain logon
path = /home/ano/netlogon
public = no
writable = no
browsable = no
Җ ini adalah format untuk sharing data, apabila samba di gunakan sebagai file server :
[win_c]
# komentar yang di gunakan di sharingan nya
comment = ini adalah sharingan nya
# ini adalah directori tempat dimana data di simpan
path = /mnt/win_c
# ini menyatakan user siapa saja yang berhak atas data sharingan
valid users = ano
# dapat terlihat oleh public
public = yes
# apakah ada izin untuk menulis
writable = no
# ada izin tok membaca
printable = no
# akses user terhadap sharing data nya
create mask = 0765
Җ ini adalah format yang di lakukan untuk menjadi logon server
[global]
workgroup = SURGA
domain logons = yes
# anda harus memastikan user level security
security = user
# Pastikan sebagai domain controller
os level = 34
local master = yes
preferred master = yes
domain master = yes
#setelah itu seting direktori yang akan di pakai dan directory nya harus di buat
[netlogon]
comment = sevice untuk domain logon
path = /home/ano/netlogon
public = no
writable = no
browsable = no
setelah anda melakukan konfigurasi file smb.conf maka anda harus merestart service
anda “ service smb restart ”, setelah itu buat password untuk samba “ smbpasswd -a root ”, lalu untuk loginservernya kita harus buat user yang sesuai dengan nama komputer yang ingin di daftarkan tapi di beri tanda $, contoh : “adduser nama_komputer$”, kemudian lakukan penambahan terhadap user samba.
Satu langkah lagi yang paling penting adalah : mengubah registri
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters]
"requiresignorseal"=dword:00000000
"signsecurechannel"=dword:00000000
Dan Samba server anda siap di konfigurasikan.
Dan jangan lupa pada saat menjoin samba dengan klient xp di sarankan menggunakan password root , dan jangan lupa juga untuk mengeset password root di samba server adalah : smbpasswd –a root dan juga buat use dari net bios komputer contoh : lab05-14$ tambahkan $.
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